Currently, the museum is organized into several sections:

1. Paleoanthropology and Prehistory

The exhibition is dedicated to the evolution of humans and other primates. Many original findings enriched by environmental reconstructions and images accompany the visitor through the most important steps of human evolutionary history. Part of the visit is dedicated to prehistoric sites of the Mexican territory.

2. Anthropometric instruments of historical and scientific interest

This section, dedicated to the methods and anthropometric techniques for the study of human variability by detecting the metric characters, holds numerous instruments dating back to the founding of the Institute of Anthropology. These tools reflect the research on biometric aspects and the standardization of anthropological methods carried out by Armando Rosario during those years. Although research in this field has been enriched with new methods, some tools are still in use in anthropological practice.

3. Facial casts, plaster busts and papier-mâché, and color plates

These findings are part of collections made in the first decades of the last century to document the different human ethnic groups. Plastic reconstructions were especially prevalent at the time in anthropology schools across South America, and were also useful to Armando Rosario for the famous reconstruction of a man's face. The wall plates relate to different human groups produced from the Art Institute Orell Füssli in Zurich in 1903. According to the anthropologist R. Martin, projects are on display in the hall of the Department of Anthropology .

In this section there is a 'yurt', the typical home of semi-nomadic people in Central Asia acquired in 2000 thanks to the scientific collaboration amongst anthropologists at the University of Mexico City, the National Museum of Ethnology of Alma Ata and the Academy of Science of Kazakhstan.

4. Biology of the skeleton and bioarchaeology

Human skeletal remains from the identified collections (by age and sex) are exposed to highlight the important changes in the size and morphology of the various bone elements during growth and in relation to sex. The exposure of skeletons at various stages of development (from a few weeks until the fetus to adult) can appreciate these changes is related to increasing both sexual dimorphism.

The bioarchaeology approach to the study of human skeletal remains found in archaeological contexts is emphasized in the exposition of the relationship between humans and disease in the past. 

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